Skip to Main Content

Breadcrumb

References

Reference Details

Citation
Mcnamara et al 2023
Author
McNamara, P., Samuel, M. S., Sathyamoorthy, S., Moss, L., Valtierra, D., Lopez, H. C., ... and Liu, Z.
Title
Pyrolysis transports, and transforms, PFAS from biosolids to py-liquid
Source
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
Publication Year
2023
Reference Category
Primary Sources
Reference Type
Peer Reviewed Journals
Source Details
DOI: 10.1039/D2EW00677D
DOI
10.1039/D2EW00677DExit
Non-Targeted Analysis Flag
Yes
Non-Targeted Analysis Details
Total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay converts precursors to targetable PFAS

Scope

Open Scope
Treatment Process
Scale
Matrix
Matrix DetailScope Detail
Open ScopePyrolysisLabSludgeBiosolids that contained a heat dried blend of waste activated sludge and anaerobically digested primary solids2 Pre- and 1 post-concentration of 22 PFAS chemicals

Condition

Open Condition
Scope
Temperature (°C)
Treatment Time
Condition Details
Open ConditionPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge: Biosolids that contained a heat dried blend of waste activated sludge and anaerobically digested primary solids50020 minuteSamples purged with argon; Heated at 10 to 15 degrees C per minute and then held at treatment temperature for 20 minutes
Open ConditionPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge: Biosolids that contained a heat dried blend of waste activated sludge and anaerobically digested primary solids65020 minuteSamples purged with argon; Heated at 10 to 15 degrees C per minute and then held at treatment temperature for 20 minutes
Open ConditionPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge: Biosolids that contained a heat dried blend of waste activated sludge and anaerobically digested primary solids80020 minuteSamples purged with argon; Heated at 10 to 15 degrees C per minute and then held at treatment temperature for 20 minutes

Thermal Treatment Results

Link to Results Record
Analyte
Scope
Condition
Effectiveness (%)
Initial Concentration
Post Concentration
Offgas Concentration
Additional Details
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.225 µg/kg <0.031 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.172 µg/kg <0.03 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.262 µg/kg <0.029 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.225 µg/kg <0.03 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.172 µg/kg <0.029 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.262 µg/kg <0.03 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.172 µg/kg <0.029 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.262 µg/kg <0.029 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
N-EtFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.225 µg/kg <0.031 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
N-MeFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.382 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
N-MeFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.314 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
N-MeFOSAAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.249 µg/kg <0.019 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.119 µg/kg <0.058 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 1.06 µg/kg <0.058 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.93 µg/kg <0.061 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.674 µg/kg <0.059 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.93 µg/kg <0.059 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.674 µg/kg <0.058 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 1.06 µg/kg <0.061 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.119 µg/kg <0.064 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.119 µg/kg <0.058 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.93 µg/kg <0.063 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.674 µg/kg <0.059 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 6:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 1.06 µg/kg <0.058 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.068 µg/kg <0.031 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.046 µg/kg <0.03 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.067 µg/kg <0.029 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.067 µg/kg <0.03 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.046 µg/kg <0.029 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.068 µg/kg <0.03 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.068 µg/kg <0.031 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.046 µg/kg <0.029 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
FtS 8:2Pyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.067 µg/kg <0.029 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
N-MeFOSEPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.249 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
N-MeFOSEPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.382 µg/kg <0.019 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
N-MeFOSEPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.314 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
N-MeFOSEPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.249 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
N-MeFOSEPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.382 µg/kg <0.019 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
N-MeFOSEPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.314 µg/kg <0.021 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.531 µg/kg <0.079 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.635 µg/kg <0.077 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.18 µg/kg <0.079 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.35 µg/kg <0.08 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.206 µg/kg <0.082 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.129 µg/kg <0.077 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.18 µg/kg <0.078 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.206 µg/kg <0.079 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.35 µg/kg <0.077 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.129 µg/kg <0.081 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.635 µg/kg <0.085 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.531 µg/kg <0.076 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.206 µg/kg <0.083 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.129 µg/kg <0.078 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.18 µg/kg <0.078 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.635 µg/kg <0.078 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.531 µg/kg <0.078 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFOAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.35 µg/kg <0.083 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.148 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.142 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 2.2 µg/kg <0.04 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.516 µg/kg <0.041 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 5.01 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 3.69 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 5.01 µg/kg <0.042 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.142 µg/kg <0.04 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.148 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.516 µg/kg <0.04 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 2.2 µg/kg <0.038 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 3.69 µg/kg <0.038 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.142 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.148 µg/kg <0.038 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.516 µg/kg 0.047 µg/kgFeed-3-Pre and 800-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 5.01 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 3.69 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 2.2 µg/kg <0.042 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.056 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.108 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.214 µg/kg <0.019 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.046 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.056 µg/kg <0.019 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.046 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.108 µg/kg <0.019 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.214 µg/kg <0.021 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.046 µg/kg <0.021 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.056 µg/kg <0.021 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.108 µg/kg <0.02 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFBSPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.214 µg/kg <0.019 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.141 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.168 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.098 µg/kg <0.04 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.185 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.112 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 500 °C | 20 minute 0.171 µg/kg <0.041 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.098 µg/kg <0.038 µg/kg Feed-3-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.141 µg/kg <0.038 µg/kg Feed-2-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.185 µg/kg <0.042 µg/kg Feed-1-TOP; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.168 µg/kg <0.04 µg/kg Feed-1-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file and divided by 5 to account for dilution factor
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.112 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 650 °C | 20 minute 0.171 µg/kg <0.04 µg/kg Feed-3-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
PFDAPyrolysis | Lab | Sludge 800 °C | 20 minute 0.112 µg/kg <0.039 µg/kg Feed-2-Pre; Data from ESI Table S1 in supplemental data; Detection limit found in supplemental data Excel file
Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on October 15, 2024.